Enstatite is a mineral; the magnesium endmember of the pyroxene silicate mineral series enstatite (MgSiO3) – ferrosilite (FeSiO3). The magnesium rich members of the solid solution series are common rock-forming minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. The intermediate composition, (Mg,Fe)SiO
3, has historically been known as hypersthene, although this name has been formally abandoned and replaced by orthopyroxene. When determined petrographically or chemically the composition is given as relative proportions of enstatite (En) and ferrosilite (FsWeathered enstatite with a small amount of iron takes on a submetallic luster and a bronze-like color. This material is termed bronzite, although it is more correctly called altered enstatite.) (e.g., En80Fs20).
References
Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Handbook of Mineralogy
Mindat
Webmineral data
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Spencer, Leonard James (1911). "Enstatite". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 654.
H. U. Keller, et al. - E-Type Asteroid (2867) Steins as Imaged by OSIRIS on Board Rosetta - Science 8 January 2010: Vol. 327. no. 5962, pp. 190 - 193 doi:10.1126/science.1179559
Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Lupu, Roxana; Gaarn, Josefine; Fabienne Bieger, Michelle; Freedman, Richard; Saumon, Didier (2021-09-01). "Cloud busting: enstatite and quartz clouds in the atmosphere of 2M2224-0158". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506 (2): 1944–1961. arXiv:2105.04268. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.506.1944B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1361. ISSN 0035-871
GME Books
https://shorturl.at/yHHQJ
Dance of the Stars: The Impact of Binary Star Systems on Earth
Binary star systems, which consist of two stars orbiting around a common center of mass, can have significant implications for the planets that orbit them, including potential effects on Earth if it were part of such a system. Understanding these impacts requires examining several factors related to stellar evolution, gravitational interactions, and planetary formation.
1. Stellar Evolution and Orbital Dynamics
In binary systems, the stars are born from the same interstellar cloud and share similar properties such as age and chemical composition. As these stars evolve, particularly when one transitions into a red giant phase, their physical characteristics change dramatically. For instance, when a star like our Sun exhausts its core hydrogen fuel, it expands significantly—potentially hundreds of times its original size. This expansion alters the gravitational dynamics between the two stars in the system.
As one...
Super Plumes under our feet
Introduction to Superplumes
Superplumes are massive geological structures within the Earth’s mantle, characterized by their immense size and potential impact on tectonic activity. They are thought to be large upwellings of hot, buoyant rock that originate from deep within the mantle, possibly near the core-mantle boundary. These superplumes can influence volcanic activity and plate tectonics on a global scale.
Formation and Characteristics of Superplumes
The formation of superplumes is hypothesized to occur through the accumulation of smaller mantle plumes. Geoscientists suggest that these smaller plumes can cluster together to form a larger structure, which is referred to as a superplume. For instance, research indicates that the superplume beneath Africa may consist of at least two or three smaller plumes converging in that region.
One notable example of a superplume is found beneath the African continent, where it has been linked to significant ...
The Gold Standard and Its Relevance in Times of Unrest and Inflation
Understanding the Gold Standard
The gold standard is a monetary system where a country’s currency or paper money has a value directly linked to gold. Under this system, countries agree to convert paper money into a fixed amount of gold. This means that the value of currency is tied to a specific quantity of gold, which can help stabilize economies by limiting inflation and providing a tangible asset that can be used as a medium of exchange.
Historically, the gold standard has been associated with periods of economic stability. However, it was largely abandoned during the 20th century in favor of fiat currencies—money that has value primarily because a government maintains it and people have faith in its value. Despite this shift, many argue that returning to or adopting elements of the gold standard could provide benefits during times of economic unrest and inflation.
Inflation and Economic Unrest
Inflation ...
What is Ufology?
Definition and Etymology
Ufology is the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), which are often believed to be of extraordinary origins, particularly extraterrestrial in nature. The term “ufology” is a neologism that combines the acronym UFO with the suffix -logy, derived from the Ancient Greek word for “study.” The term was popularized in the mid-20th century, with early references appearing in publications such as Fantastic Universe in 1957.
